Local feeder (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in stems of Galium [0247]

OrderDiptera
FamilyCecidomyiidae[M,L,P,A]
Lower taxonundetermined
No. spp. involvedOne confirmed (+1?)[1-C]
Feeding modeLocal feeder in stem
Host plantCleavers, Galium aparine (Rubiaceae)
Pupal exuviae of a cecidomyiid protruding from stem of Galium aparine

Several Galium aparine whole plants (not including roots) were harvested from the author's yard in the final days of June, 2023, in an effort to rear an agromyzid that feeds internally in the stems of this plant. At the time of harvest, all leaves, flowers, and fruits were stripped from the plants, so that stems were the only plant material going into the rearing containers. The plants had mostly finished their growth and were undergoing senescence when they were harvested. The stems were divided up between three rearing bags.

On 08 July some of the harvested stems were removed from one of the rearing bags and searched for agromyzid larvae. One of these stems had no agromyzid larvae inside but instead was found to possess a set of two externally visible, transverse dark brown or black marks, separated by a distance of approximately 10mm. Inside the stem between these two marks were two pale yellow-orange cecidomyiid larvae. It was unclear if the marks were related to the presence of the larvae. The larvae were transferred to another container and the stems remaining in the original three rearing bags were left undisturbed.

On 31 July a single adult cecidomyiid emerged in one of the rearing bags. After the adult had been collected from the bag, all the stems from this bag were searched carefully for protruding pupal exuviae. Eventually, with much effort, a single exuvium was found. It was protruding from a small, whitish, elongate-oval, slightly raised, blisterlike chamber just under the epidermis of the stem near a node. The exuvium was clearly from a cecidomyiid, and the initial assumption was that it belonged to the adult that had appeared in the bag, but this could not be immediately confirmed.

The larvae, pupal exuviae, and adult are shown in the photos below. Because the plant material had already begun to senesce when it was collected, it is conceivable that the stems could have been favorable habitat for a cecidomyiid feeding on fungal rather than plant material. However, the blisterlike chamber from which the exuviae protruded was suggestive of a gall formed by a plant feeder. Eventual identification of the specimens involved may shed light on the situation.

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Stem of host plant, showing externally visible transverse marks separated by about 10mm. Two cecidomyiid larvae were found inside the stem at this location. (Photo date: July 8, 2023)
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Detail, tranverse mark.
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Larva in stem. (Photo date: July 8, 2023)
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Larva.
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Larva.
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Larva.
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Pupal exuviae protruding from a stem of the host plant, a few weeks after the larvae above were found in a different stem. (Photo date: July 31, 2023)
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Exuviae protruding from stem.
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Exuviae protruding from stem. Note the elongate-oval, pale, blisterlike chamber from which the exuviae were thrust upon the adult's emergence.
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Exuviae.
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Exuviae, approximate lateral view.
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Exuviae, approximate lateral view. Note the wing pad.
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Exuviae, lateral.
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Exuviae protruding from stem.
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Exuviae, ventral.
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Exuviae, ventral.
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Anterior end of exuviae in ventral view, showing sclerotization at base of antennae.
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Exuviae, viewed from above.
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Portion of stem containing chamber from which the exuviae were found protruding, with adjacent and deeper stem tissue pulled away, and with the chamber backlit, showing the pale color of the stem epidermis serving as the outer wall of the chamber.
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Adult cecidomyiid, ex stem of Galium aparine, lateral view. It could not immediately be confirmed that this individual emerged from the exuviae in the previous photos. (Photo date: July 31, 2023)
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Adult.
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Adult, lateral.
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Adult, dorsal.
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Adult, dorsal.
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Adult body, dorsal.
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Antennae of adult, lateral view.
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Wings of adult.
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Specimen data for images

Coll. 06/27/23-06/28/23, larvae found in stem and photographed on 07/08/23 (01-06), adult and exuviae found in rearing container and photographed on 07/31/23 (07-27).

References

[none]

Page created 11/20/24. Last update: [none]